This article is from the Food Science FAQ, bypking123@sympatico.ca (Paul E. J. King) with numerous contributions by others.
There are several requirements for a re-fillable system to work.
Consumers must be made aware of which containers are returnable; the
operation is local, centred around each filling plant with a radius
of about 50-80 kilometers; the transport system for delivery and
returns is preferably controlled by the filling plant; the cost of
returning the empty container and of washing and handling it, must
not exceed the cost of a single-trip container; the containers must
be suitable for return by the consumer via conveniently sited bottle
banks.
 
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