This article is from the Anime Music FAQ, by Ru Igarashi with numerous contributions by others.
There is no one copyright law for all nations. The Berne Treaty (see below) tries to make copyright laws of signing nations consistent and to add just enough glue to protect international works. Copyright laws of various nations can be found at these sites.
Japan
http://www.cric.or.jp/ (Japanese)
http://www.cric.or.jp/cric_e/index.html (English)
USA
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/
Canada
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-42/index.html
Australia
http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/pasteact/0/244/top.htm
UK
http://www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880048_en_1.htm
 
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