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Q6.8 How many dialects and languages are spoken in Italy?




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This article is from the Italy FAQ, by Gianluigi Sartori gg@angel.stanford.edu, Paolo Fiorini fiorini@telerobotics.jpl.nasa.gov with numerous contributions by others.

Q6.8 How many dialects and languages are spoken in Italy?

Last modified: June 9 1997

Several. Every region has his own dialect with great differences between
the dialects of the same region. Sometimes it's an evidence of different
dominations, for example the 'Trentino' spoken in Rovereto (that was part
of "Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia" is different from 'Trentino' spoken
in Arco, on the very north of Garda Lake (always part of the Austrian
empire). Sometimes there's no other reason than 'we always spoke it this
way'.

Among the languages spoken in Italy there is:
* German: in South Tyrol (about 280.000 inhabitants)
More information:
Amt fuer deutsche und ladinische Kultur
Landhaus VII
Andreas Hofer Strasse 18
I-39100 Bozen (BZ)
Tel: 0471-993333 Fax: 0471-993399
* Ladin: The Ladin language evolved over many centuries to become an
independent Rhaeto-Romance language around 450 A.D. This Ladin language
- today scarcely changed - is the mothertongue of 90% of the inhabitants
of the Dolomitic valleys. The respective dialects are:
Gherdeina: Val Gardena (South Tyrol - about 8000 inhabitants)
Badiot: Val Badia (South Tyrol - about 9000 inhabitants)
Fascian: Val di Fassa (Trentino)
Fodom/Ampezan: Livinallongo and Ampezzo (Belluno province)
The reason, the Ladin language has been preserved, is the geographical
isolation of these regions in the past, which remained unaffected by the
great German migrations since the sixth century A.D. This migration was
responsible for the semination of the German language throughout the
South Tyrolean region, with the exception, as mentioned, of the Dolomite
areas.
More information:
"Cesa di Ladins" (Museum)
Via Rezia 83
I-39046 Ortisei (BZ)
Tel: 0471-796870
* Albanese: spoken in a few communities in Calabria, Puglia, Molise and Sicily
* Grico: in Puglia (it's a greek dialect)
* Slovenian: around Udine and Trieste
* French: in Valle d'Aosta

Andrea Damini <damini@kfunigraz.ac.at> writes:

Nessun dialetto o lingua parlata attualmente nella regione politica
denominata "Italia" deriva da quella che e' considerata la lingua
nazionale standard per tale regione politica. L'italiano standard e',
come molti ricorderanno dal liceo, un'elaborazione, dotta e semi-
artificiale, di un volgare (dialetto) parlato tra Firenze e Siena
sancita a partire da Dante. Tale volgare e' stato accettato quale lingua
dotta per un insieme di ragioni letterarie ma anche politiche.
Bene ha detto qualcuno in un posting precedente che la diffusione
dell'italiano standard e' iniziato con la TV. Lo stesso medium ha tuttora
una funzione fondamentale nell'evoluzione della lingua "standard" che
d'altra parte era rimasta fondamentalmente simile negli ultimi 300
anni.
Tutti i dialetti, rispettivamente lingue (sardo, ladino, friulano), hanno
chiaramente come ceppo comune il latino. La differente evoluzione e'
consegenza del diverso latino che veniva parlato nelle diverse zone,
ossia della lingua indigena (tosco, celtico, sannita etc.) substrato al
latino. Tale influenza si e' conservata anche nel momento in cui il
latino "di ogni giorno" non somigliava molto ormai a quello che e'
considerato il latino "classico", fatto attestato gia' in epoca
imperiale.
Ulteriormente i dialetti sono stati influenzati dalle parlate di popoli
invasori (es. langobardi in Friuli) o confinanti (es. nel dialetto
triestino esistono molte parole di origine tedesca o slava).

Mauro Bertolino <mabe@polen1.polito.it> adds:

Occitan: the today occitan language is the modern version of the "langue
d'oc", the language made famous by the troubadours of the medieval age,
which broke up in several dialects after the XIII century.
The Gavot (o Vivaro-Alpin) dialect of this language is still spoken in
the italian valleys of the Alps, in the southern part of Region Piedmont
on the border with France, among a population of more or less 180000, and
in some villages of other regions. It is well preserved in the uppermost
parts of the valleys, even though suffering for the problem of decreasing
population, while in the lower parts tends to mix with the piedmontes
dialect of italian.

Informations:

Ousitanio Vivo
Via Marconi 26
12020 Venasca (CN)
tel. e fax: 0175-567606

Related WWW sites are:

http://www.cnnet.it/occitania/
under construction, in Italy.
http://www.bambi.lptl.jussieu.fr/users/vanDenBossche/OC/OccitaNet.htm
in France.

Infine, Maurizio Morabito <mmorabito@geocities.com> aggiunge:

volevo segnalare il Grecanico, parlato nel sud della Calabria da
popolazioni di evidente discendenza greca.

 

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