This article is from the MPEG FAQ, by Frank Gadegast phade@cs.tu-berlin.de with numerous contributions by others.
Saves unnecessary run-length codes. At optimal bitrates, there tends
to be few AC coefficients concentrated in the early stages of the
zig-zag vector. In MPEG-1, the 2-bit length of EOB implies that there
is an average of only 3 or 4 non-zero AC coefficients per block. In
MPEG-2 Intra (I) pictures, with a 4-bit EOB code in Table 1, this
estimate is between 9 and 16 coefficients. Since EOB is required for
all coded blocks, its absence can signal that a syntax error has
occurred in the bitstream.
 
Continue to: