This article is from the Romance and Dating FAQ, by Henning Klaskala alt.romance.FAQ@online.de with numerous contributions by others.
a' -> 'a' with the acute accent (') over it, accent aigu
(ASCII code 160)
a" -> 'a' with two dots (Umlaut) (ASCII code 132)
a^ -> elongated vowel (e.g. 2 a's)
a~ -> 'a' with a tilde(~) over it
e^ -> 'e' with a carot(^) over it
e' -> 'e' with the acute accent (') over it (ASCII code 130)
i" -> 'i' with two dots
n~ -> 'n' with a tilde(~) over it
o~ -> 'o' with a tilde(~) over it
u" -> 'u' with two dots
 
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