This article is from the Scientific Skepticism FAQ, by Paul Johnson Paul@treetop.demon.co.uk with numerous contributions by others.
The MJ-12 documents purportedly established that the U.S. government
had established a secret organization of 12 people called MJ-12 or
Majestic-12 to deal with UFOs. These 12 people were all conveniently
dead at the time the documents were discovered. Klass proved that the
documents are fakes.
The "Roswell Incident" refers to an alleged UFO crash in Roswell, NM.
Philip Klass has also investigated this one and shown the reports to
be bogus. One of the more notable items of "evidence" was a document
"signed by the president". Klass showed that this signature was a
photocopy of an existing presidential signature. See SI 14:2 (Winter
1990) pp 135-140.
All such allegations involve a conspiracy theory. Sometimes these
conspiracy theories get very big indeed. One common one involves a
treaty between the government and the saucer people whereby the
government stays in power and the saucer people get to abduct humans
for various gruesome purposes.
 
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