Hard Drive: WESTERN DIGITAL: WDE4360-0007 DIFFERE 4360MB 3.5"/SL SCSI3 D/WI
W D E 4 3 6 0 - 0 0 0 7 D I F F E R E WESTERN DIGITAL
Native| Translation
------+-----+-----+-----
Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders | | |
Capacity form/unform 4360/ MB Heads 8| | |
Seek time / track 8.0/ 1.0 ms Sector/track | | |
Controller SCSI3 DI/WI/ULTR/FAS Precompensation
Cache/Buffer 512 KB ADAP./SEGMEN Landing Zone
Data transfer rate 17.500 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512
40.000 MB/S ext SYNC
Recording method PRML operating | non-operating
-------------+--------------
Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60
Power: sleep W Humidity % 10 95 | 5 95
standby W Altitude km -0.305 3.048| -0.305 12.192
idle 7.1 W Shock g 10 | 70
seek 9.6 W Rotation RPM 7200
read/write W Acoustic dBA
spin-up 11.9 W ECC Bit 144,REED SOLOMON
MTBF h 1000000
Warranty Month 60
Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates
Layout
WESTERN WDE2170/4360 68-PIN ENTERPRISE JUMPER SETTING
+---------------------------------------------------------+ |+-+ |XX Power || | Option Block |XX || | |+-+ || | || |Option || | |+-+Block |+-+ |XX | |XX | |XX | 68-Pin |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX SCSI | |XX I/O | |XX +---------------------------------------------------------+
Jumpers
WESTERN WDE2170/4360 INSTALLATION
Jumper Setting
==============
The drive is designed for use in a variety of systems. Therefore,
several configuration options can be set using the option block on
the front of the drive (end opposite the SCSI connector). In most
cases you will not need to change the default settings for normal
drive operation. However, some installations may require you to
install or remove certain jumpers in order to meet system
specifications.
SCSI ID Numbers
Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique SCSI ID
number (0 to 7).
SCSI ID Numbers
---------------
Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique SCSI ID number
(0 to 7 for 8-bit drives, 0 to 15 for 16-bit drives). Option
block pin 1 through 8 are used to set the SCSI IDs. The host
computer's SCSI controller typically uses ID number 7, and the other
numbers are used for devices such as hard drives. The WD Enterprise
has a default SCSI ID of 0.
SCSI ID 8-bit ------------- +----------+-----------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumpers | | | 5&6 | 3&4 | 1&2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ |x 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 2 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 3 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 4 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 5 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 6 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 7 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+
SCSI ID - 16-bit ---------------- +----------+-------------------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumper Location | | | PINS | | | 7-8 | 5-6 | 3-4 | 1-2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 2 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 3 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 4 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 5 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 6 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 7 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 8 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 9 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 10 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 11 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 12 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 13 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 14 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | 15 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
SCAM
----
SCSI ID Numbers
Each device on the SCSI bus requires a unique
SCSI ID number (0 to 7)
The WD Enterprise drive supports the SCSI Configured Automatically
(SCAM) option, which automatically assigns SCSI ID numbers and
resolves ID conflicts upon bootup. If your SCSI controller and other
SCSI devices support SCAM, you do not need to manually assign a SCSI
ID to the hard drive.
Option block pins 17 and 18 are dedicated to the SCAM feature. To
enable SCAM, install a jumper as shown. To disable SCAM, no jumper
is required.
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Disable Auto Start
------------------
The WD Enterprise drive can be configured to Auto Start, or
automatically spin up when power is applied to the drive. If the
drive is configured to disable Auto Start, it powers up, but will not
spin up until a start unit command is issued by an operator.
Option block pins 13 and 14 are dedicated to the Auto Start option.
To disable Auto Start, install a jumper as shown. To enable
Auto Start, no jumper is required.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o o o o X o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Auto Start Delay
----------------
This feature delays the start-ip process to avoid an initial power
surge when several drives are powered up at once. The delay time
(default) is 4 seconds between drives, or the SCSI ID multiplied by 4
seconds. Let's say you have three hard drives in your system, and
they are set to SCSI IDs 0, 1, and 2. The drive assigned as ID 0 will
power up immediately; the drive assigned to ID 1 will power up in 4
seconds; and the drive assigned to ID 2 will power up in 8 seconds.
NOTE: The 4 second delay time can be changed in the drive's mode
parameter settings.
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Option block pins 15 and 16 are dedicated to the Auto Start Delay
option. (This option is valid only if the Disable Auto Start jumper
is not installed.) To enable Auto Start Delay, install a jumper as
shown. To disable Auto Start Delay, no jumper is required.
Disable Unit Attention
----------------------
Whenever a target (WD Enterprise drive) has been reset by a power-on
or reset sequence, it communicates a unit attention message to the
initiator (host bus adapter).
Option block pins 19 and 20 are dedicated to the Disable Unit
Attention option. To disable unit attention, install a jumper as
shown. To enable unit attention, no jumper is required.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Disable Target Initiated Synchronous/Wide Negotiation
-----------------------------------------------------
During the power up sequence, the initiator (host bus adapter) and
the target (WD Enterprise drive) negotiate and agree upon three
items: bus width, bus speed, and synchronous/asynchronous data
transfer. Either the initiator or the target can start the
negotiation process, and once this process is completed successfully,
all "data in" and "data out" phases will operate as determined during
the handshake. The negotiation process is done only once, usually
during start-up.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Option block pins 21 and 22 are dedicated to the Disable Target
Initiated Synchronous/Wide Negotiation option. To disable target
initiated synchronous/wide negotiation, install a jumper as shown.
To enable target initiated synchronous/wide negotiation, no jumper is
required.
SCSI Termination
----------------
To ensure reliable communication, the SCSI bus must be properly
terminated. Devices located at the physical ends of the SCSI bus
should have their terminators enabled. All other devices must have
their terminators disabled.
Option block pins 23 and 24 are dedicated to the SCSI Termination
option. To enable SCSI termination, install a jumper as shown.
To disable SCSI termination, no jumper is required.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Termination Power (TERMPWR) --------------------------- WD Enterprise drives have the ability to supply +5V to the SCSI bus for termination. Option block pins 27 and 28 are dedicated to TERMPWR. If you want the drive to supply TERMPWR to the SCSI bus, install a jumper as shown. To disable TERMPWR, no jumper is required.
NOTE: Termination power from the hard drive is required only if the
host bus adapter does not supply it. However, both devices can
provide termination power with no detrimental effects to the system.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o o o | | o o o X o o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Spindle Synchronization
-----------------------
If you are installing two or more WD Enterprise hard drives, you can
synchronize their spindles to reduce the latency associated with
switching from one drive to another. Spindle sync allows the host to
synchronize the index pulses of the drives at a specified offset.
This means that the same numbered sector passes under the read/write
head at the same time across all drives. For more details regarding
the sync offset, refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation
Guide (document number 4096-0011116) and the WD Enterprise Technical
Reference Manual (document number 4079-001045).
NOTE: The spindle sync feature is intended for use with like WD
Enterprise drives only.
Option block pin 12 is dedicated to Spindle Sync, as shown. To
enable spindle sync, pin 12 must be connected on all drives that are
to be in sync. (Pin 11 is ground).
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LED Support
-----------
If your system configuration allows the use of an activity LED
external to the WD Enterprise drive, you can power the LED from the
drive. Pins 10 and 29 are dedicated to LED support, as shown.
To install an external activity LED, connect the positive lead
(anode) of the LED to pin 29 and the negative lead (cathode) to pin
10.
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | o o o o o o o o o o o o * o o o o | | o o * o o o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
NOTE: These pins can be used to power an LED located on the front of
the drive, or an external LED in systems where the front of the drive
cannot be seen.
Reserved Pins
-------------
There are a number of pins on the option block that are reserved for
development and manufacturing purposes:
- Pins 25 and 26
- Pin 30
- Pins 31 and 32
- Pins 33 and 34
- Key slot (prevents incorrect installation of connector)
+-34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8--6--4--2-+ | x x x o x o o o o o o o o o o o o | | x x o o x o o o o o o o o o o o o | +-33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9--7--5--3--1-+
Mode Select Options
-------------------
Certain configuration parameters can be altered by using the SCSI
Mode Select command. Some examples include Read/Write Error Recovery
Page, Format Device Page, and Caching Page. The Mode Select command
allows drive characteristics to be customized to meet your system
requirements. Refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation Guide
(document number 4096-001116) for more information.
Remote Option Block
-------------------
WD Enterprise 68-pin drives are equipped with a remote option block
that allows you to set SCSI IDs and enable select options such as
termination, spindle synchronization, and LED power. Customers using
the remote option block typically use a pre-fabricated cable for
convenient connection to the host. Do not use jumpers on this option
block. For more information, refer to the WD Enterprise Technical
Reference Manual (document number 4079-001045).
Install
WESTERN WDE2170/4360 ENTERPRISE INSTALLATION
Notes On Installation
=====================
MOUNTING RESTRICTIONS
---------------------
The WD Enterprise drive is a precision mechanical assembly. Since
improper mounting may distort the drive frame and impair its proper
function, mounting the drive securely will ensure maximum
performance.
Western Digital provides technical support to those customers
requiring assistance with mounting design. Some customers may wish to
review their system mechanical design and system grounding
architecture to optimize drive performance and ensure compliance with
the various electromagnetic compatibility regulations in the markets
being served.
Ventilation
-----------
The ambient temperature surrounding the drive must not exceed 131*F
(55*C). The enclosure used to house the drive should supply
sufficient airflow around the drive and printed circuit board
assembly (PCBA) to maintain temperatures at or below the temperatures
defined in the Reference section of this manual. Operation above this
level may adversely affect the drive's performance.
Orientation
-----------
The drive features both bottom and side mounting holes.
Mounting
--------
Four 6-32 UNC screws are used to mount the drive. To avoid stripping
the mounting-hole threads, the maximum torque applied to the screws
should not exceed 6.0 in-lb. (0.675 N-m). Be aware of the following:
- The drive features four mounting holes on either side of the drive and four mounting holes on the bottom.
- The maximum allowable penetration of the screws is 0.150" (3.8 mm). This length allows full use of the mounting-hole threads, while avoiding damage or stress to the PCBA.
SCSI CABLE LENGTH RESTRICTIONS
------------------------------
Single-ended SCSI drives allow cable lengths of up to 6 meters (19.68
feet). Users who plan to use "Fast" and "Ultra Fast" data transfers
with single-ended models should follow all the ANSI SCSI guidelines
for these operations. Differential SCSI drives allow cable lengths of
up to 25 meters (82.02 feet). Cables must meet the requirements for
differential cables as set forth in the ANSI SCSI standard.
Drives equipped with a SCA-2 connector are not designed for direct cable attachment due to the combination of power and SCSI bus signals. The ANSI SCSI standard states that any stub from the main cable must not exceed 0.1 meters (.32 feet) for single-ended cables and 0.2 meters (.65 feet) for differential cables. +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Bus Type |Properly |Single-ended|Differential | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | SCSI-1 |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | SCSI-2 |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Fast SCSI2|Max. bus length | 3m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | Ultra SCSI|Max. bus length | 3m | 25m | | |point-to-point | | | | |Max. bus length | 6m | 25m | | |multi-drop | 15m | 25m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+ | All |Max. stub length | 0.1m | 0.2m | | |Min. stup specing| 0.3m | 0.3m | +-----------+-----------------+------------+-------------+
CONNECTOR TYPES
===============
50-pin SCSI Connector
---------------------
50-pin models use a high density connector which is compatible with
ANSI SCSI "A" style connector specifications. It can transfer data in
8-bit (narrow) mode only.
68-pin SCSI Connector
---------------------
68-pin models use a high density connector which is compatible with
ANSI SCSI "P" style connector specifications. It can transfer data in
8-bit (narrow) and 16-bit (wide) modes. Both single-ended and
differential SCSI versions are available.
80-pin SCSI Connector
---------------------
80-pin models use a Single Connector Attachment (SCA-2) connector
which is designed for backplane connections. It can transfer data in
8-bit (narrow) and 16-bit (wide) modes.
MULTIPLE DRIVE INSTALLATIONS
----------------------------
If your system requires multiple devices, you may install up to eight
SCSI devices (including the host bus adapter) on an 8-bit SCSI bus;
up to sixteen SCSI devices (including the host bus adapter) on a
16-bit SCSI bus, or up to 32 devices (including the host bus adapter)
on a 16- bit SCSI bus with a dual processor host bus adapter.
INSTALLING THE DRIVE
--------------------
Because the Enterprise WDE2170 and WDE4360 drives are compatible with
a wide range of computer systems and host bus adapters, this manual
does not include system-specific information. If the information
contained in the following sections does not adhere to your setup,
refer to your computer system documentation for further details.
POWER CONNECTORS AND CABLE
--------------------------
50-pin Power Connector: AMP 2-in-1 (or equivalent)
Mating Connector: 1 by 4
PC power connector
Power Cable: 18 AWG 68-pin
Power Connector: Molex 3-in-1 combo (or equivalent)
Mating Connector: 1 by 4 PC power connector
Power Cable: 18 AWG 80-pin SCA-2 Connector
Features
WESTERN WDE2170/4360 ENTERPRISE INSTALLATION
Introduction
------------
Please review this installation guide before you install your WD
Enterprise hard drive. If you require assistance, contact our
technical support staff at 1-888-WDC-SCSI.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
-------------------
WD Enterprise hard drives are 3.5-inch, high-performance SCSI drives
designed for use in workstation, server, multi-user, array, and
audio/video applications. They feature outstanding performance,
capacity, and reliability.
These drives feature formatted capacities of 2.1 GB and 4.3 GB. They
are compliant with SCSI-3 SPI, support Ultra Fast (50-pin) and Ultra
Fast Wide (68-pin) host data transfer rates up to 40 MB/s, and offer
an SCA-2 (80-pin) interface. The WD Enterprise drives offer an
average read seek time of 8 ms and a media transfer rate of up to 140
Mbits/s.
There are currently two models available in the WD Enterprise series:
the WDE4360 and WDE2170. The "WDE" prefix represents the Western
Digital Enterprise group of products and the four numeric digits
denote the drive's capacity in megabytes. The model number listed on
the product label may include additional customer-specific
information.
PRODUCT FEATURES
----------------
The WD Enterprise drive offers the following features:
- Advanced Caching - Including Read and Write Caching, Pre-fetch, and Adaptive Caching
- Command Queuing - Supports both tagged and untagged queuing; command reordering maximizes the drive performance by minimizing latency and seek time.
- S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology) - A hard drive firmware technology that performs drive failure prediction by monitoring selected parameters during normal drive operations.
- SCAM (SCSI Configure Automatically) Level 2 Compliant - Eases user configuration of SCSI ID's and hot plugging on single and multiple drive systems.
- Error Correction Code (ECC) - ECC on-the-fly is a feature that allows some ECC errors to be corrected in hardware with no delays to data transfer.
- 512 KB Data Buffer - The entire data buffer is user accessible. A 1 MB option is also available.
General Information - Handling Precautions
------------------------------------------
The WD Enterprise hard drive is designed to withstand normal
handling during unpacking and installation. Care must be taken to
avoid excessive mechanical shock or electrostatic discharge (ESD)
that can permanently damage the drive and void the warranty.
Be aware of the following precautions when unpacking and installing
the WD Enterprise drive:
- Do not unpack the hard drive until you are ready to install it.
- Handle the drive by the sides only and avoid touching the circuit board components and connectors.
- Do not attempt to remove the drive cover. Servicing components in the sealed compartment requires special cleanroom facilities. Failure to observe this restriction will void the warranty.
- For additional handling information, refer to the Western Digital 3.5-inch Drive Handling Guide (document number SO999).
BEFORE INSTALLING THE DRIVE
---------------------------
NOTE: Record the hard drive's model number and serial number before
you begin the installation. Be sure that you have the following items
prior to installing the WD Enterprise drive:
- Computer system manual
- Operating system manual
- Host bus adapter manual
- Non-magnetic screwdriver
You may also need: - Jumper shunts, if you change the drive configuration. Jumper shunt are available from your local computer dealer or from Western Digital technical support.
- Interface cable (for 50-pin or 68-pin models)
- A drive tray or mounting rails, depending upon system requirements
- Additional power cable(s)
Western Digital provides technical support to those customers
requiring assistance with mounting design. Some customers may wish to
review their system mechanical design and system grounding
architecture to optimize drive performance and ensure compliance with
the various electromagnetic compatibility regulations in the markets
being served.
Mode Select Options
-------------------
Certain configuration parameters can be altered by using the SCSI
Mode Select command. Some examples include Read/Write Error Recovery
Page, Format Device Page, and Caching Page. The Mode Select command
allows drive characteristics to be customized to meet your system
requirements. Refer to the Western Digital SCSI Implementation Guide
(document number 4096-001116) for more information.
General
WESTERN TIPS
WESTERN DIGITAL 3.5-INCH DRIVES FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ---------------------------------------------------------- 1) Will a Caviar drive work in my system? If your computer is 100% AT compatible and has either a 40-pin AT IDE interface on the motherboard or an IDE controller card with a 40-pin data cable.
2) What are the master/slave jumper settings on Western Digital
drives?
All Western Digital drives are configured the same. On the back of
the drive between the 4-pin power connector and the 40-pin data
connector, there is a jumper block J8 consisting of 6 pins.
Western Digital hard drives are shipped with a jumper shunt in the
neutral storage position (across pins 5 and 3) for future dual
drive use.
- If you are installing the Western Digital hard drive as the only hard drive in your system, leave the jmper shunt in the neutral storage posiition. Jumper shunts are not required for single hard drive installations.
- To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the master (C:), place a jumper shunt on pins 5-6
- To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the slave (D:), place a jumper shunt on pins 3-4.
3) What are the drive type and the drive parameters in the CMOS, for
Western Digital drives?
On top of the drive, the number of cylinders, heads and sectors
per track are printed on the label. Precomp and L-zone should be
set equal to the drive's cylinder count + 1. Select user type or
custom type (typically type 41 or 42) for your drive. This will
allow you to type in the parameters. Older systems that do not
offer a user type can either upgrade the system BIOS or set the
drive to drive type 1 (which should be a smaller drive size), and
run Ontrack Disk Manager from A drive to get the full capacity of
the drive. If you do not follow one of these procedures and your
system is pre-1994, you will be limited to the largest size drive
your BIOS will allow.
4) What is the Ontrack Disk Manager software that came with my drive
and what does it do?
Ontrack Disk Manager is the original hard disk installation
package that will initialize, partition, and prepare your hard
drive for use. Ontrack Disk Manager also allows you to access the
full capacity of the drive even when your system BIOS can't. It is
compatible with 32-bit disk access.
Note: Ontrack Disk Manager must be installed from floppy drive A. If
your A drive is a 5.25-inch floppy drive, copy the contents of your
Ontrack Disk Manager disk to a formatted 5.25-inch disk and re-run
Ontrack Disk Manager.
5) I just installed Ontrack Disk Manager on my Caviar drive and tried
to install DOS. DOS attempted to write to my drive and it
formatted my drive back to 528 MB which is my BIOS limitation. How
do I install DOS and still get the full capacity of my drive?
After Ontrack Disk Manager installation, you must create an
Ontrack Disk Manager rescue disk. There are two ways of
accomplishing this:
OPTION 1:
- Create a clean DOS bootable disk.
- Copy 2 files from the Ontrack Disk Manager disk to your bootable disk: XBIOS.OVL, and DMDRVR.BINs Create a CONFIG.SYS file on this bootable disk with these 3 lines: DEVICE=DMDRVR.BIN FILES=35 BUFFERS=35
- Remove the floppy and reboot the system.
- When you see the message "Press spacebar to boot from diskette", press the spacebar (system halts).
- Insert the rescue disk in the A: drive.
- Press any key (system resumes boot process).
- At the A: prompt, remove rescue disk, insert DOS installation disk and type SETUP.
- You can now install DOS without overwriting the Ontrack Disk Manager files.
OPTION 2:
- Create a clean DOS bootable disk.
- Insert Ontrack Disk Manager disk in the A: drive.
- At the A prompt, type: DMCFIG/D=A:. You will be prompted to insert a bootable floppy in the A: drive.
- Follow the prompts on the screen. Ontrack Disk Manager will ask you to change disks a few times.
- Continue until Ontrack Disk Manager is finished.
- Remove the floppy and reboot the system.
- When you see the message "Press spacebar to boot from diskette". Press the spacebar (system halts).
- Insert the rescue disk in A drive.
- Press any key (system resumes boot process).
- At A prompt, remove rescue disk, insert DOS installation disk and type SETUP.
- You can now install DOS without overwriting the Ontrack Disk Manager files.
6) CHKDSK or SCANDISK reports a few bad sectors. How do I go about
fixing the problem.
You can use the Western Digital defect management utility WDATIDE.
One of its options is the comprehensive surface analysis. This
procedure will mark all grown defects bad if indeed there are any
and it will compensate for the lost capacity by utilizing spare
tracks.
Note: This utility is data destructive. Back up all data on the drive
before using it. Due to the thoroughness of this operation, WDATIDE
can take quite a bit a time depending on the capacity of your drive.
7) Do I have to do anything with my original drive when adding a new
drive to my system?
Yes, one hard drive must be designated as the master drive
(preferably the newer, faster drive) and the other must be
designated as the slave drive. Typically, most drives need to have
a jumper placed on them to specify the Master or Slave position.
For information on non-Caviar hard drives, please contact the
appropriate manufacturer.
8) I installed my new drive and entered the drive parameters in the
CMOS, but the drive will not boot or it displays the message "HDD
controller failure."
Your drive must be partitioned and formatted before it will be
bootable. If your system will support drives larger than 528 MB,
and you have a copy of MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 5.0 or greater,
insert the setup diskette in your floppy drive and turn on your
computer. Follow the prompts and DOS will partition and format the
drive for you.
If you do not have a copy of MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 5.0 or greater,
you will need to boot from a bootable disk and then run the FDISK
command to partition your drive, and then format the drive using the
DOS FORMAT command. After running format, you should be able to
reboot your computer from your hard drive.
9) How can I use the full capacity of my Caviar drive of 540 MB or
greater?
You can use Ontrack Disk Manager to obtain full capacity if your
system does not support LBA mode. If your system does support LBA
mode, you can enable LBA in your CMOS setup utility.
10) How can I get 32-Bit Disk Access in Windows on my Caviar AC2540,
AC2700 or AC31000 in Windows 3.1x? If your BIOS supports the
drive at full capacity (i.e., the BIOS supports Logical Block
Addressing) you use WDCDRV.386, Western Digital's FastDisk device
driver. This driver is contained in a file named WIN31.EXE
available for downloading from our bulletin board (714/753-1234),
our Web server (WWW.WDC.COM), our FTP site (FTP.WDC.COM), our
forum on the Microsoft Network (Go word WDC), and our forum on
America On-line (keyword WDC). If your BIOS does not support LBA
mode and you have installed your drive using Ontrack Disk Manager
(v6.03 and above), run DMCFIG to install WDCDRV.386 and obtain
32-Bit Disk Access.
11) My drive will not spin up or spins down after a few seconds.
This is a drive failure. Return the drive to the distributor or
contact a technical support representative to receive a Return
Materials Authorization (RMA).
12) CMOS, FDISK and File Manager in Windows report less than the
capacity of my new drive, but CHKDSK reports the right number of
bytes. Which is correct?
Setup (CMOS) and FDISK use a binary definition of a megabyte
which is calculated at 1,048,256 bytes per megabyte. All hard
drive manufacturers and the DOS CHKDSK utility use a decimal
definition of a megabyte which is calculated at 1,000,000 bytes
per megabyte. This is why some utilities show 515 MB for a 540
megabyte drive and some show the actual number.
13) How Can I install OS/2 for Windows, OS/2 3.0 WARP, Windows NT
3.5x or Windows 95 on my drive which was initially installed
using Ontrack Disk Manager?
If you have Ontrack Disk Manager version 6.03, 6.03a, or 6.03b,
download the file named DMPATCH.EXE from Western Digital's online
services: ftp site: ftp.wdc.com
World Wide Web Site: http://www.wdc.com/
Microsoft Network (MSN) - Go word WDC
America Online (AOL) - Keyword: Western Digital
Western Digital's BBS at (714) 753-1234
This file has the latest Ontrack Disk Manager drivers which will
allow you to install OS/2 version 2.1x, OS/2 WARP, Windows NT 3.5x
or Windows 95 on your hard drive. Please read the included readme
file with this file for further detail.
14) My drive will work as a slave but not as a master (or vice-
versa).
Check master/slave jumpers on all drives. Also, some drive's speed
and timing differ drastically as to the initial spinup sequence. This
might confuse the system and cause one of the drives not to be
recognized. The best solution for this situation is to exchange
drives (make the master a slave and vice-versa).
15) My drive will not partition when I run FDISK. It hangs the system
or it displays the message: "Runtime error."
This is usually caused by corruption or damage to track zero. Use
the Western Digital utility WDFMT to format the drive. If that
does not help, call Western Digital Technical support at
1-800-ASK-4-WDC to get further instructions.
16) Can a hard drive be mounted on it's side, edge, or upside down?
Drives can be mounted on any side but it is preferable to mount
the drive right side up. It is also important to use all four
screws to hold the drive firmly in place.
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)
----------------------------------------------------------------
S.M.A.R.T. enables a drive's internal status to be monitored through
diagnostic commands at the host level.
The Caviar AC21600, AC32100 and AC32500 drives monitor read error
rate, start/stop count, spin-up retry count, and drive calibration
retry count. All of these attributes are updated and stored on the
hard drive in the reserved area of the disk. The hard drive also
stores a set of attribute thresholds that correspond to the
calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the
point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative
reliability status.
====================================================================
QUESTION
Which hard drive specification is most important to overall
system performance ?
- Host Transfer Rate
- Drive RPM (revolutions per minute)
- Disk Transfer Rate (Media Rate)
- Seek Time
- Cache Size
- PC Data Handling
- All of the above
Answer
The correct answer is actually a combination of "all of the above,"
keeping in mind most of the above specifications are interrelated
when it comes to optimizing system performance.
The pie chart illustrates the relative influence of factors affecting
drive performance during a typical random I/O operation (reading
and writing to a hard drive).
The major determinate of hard drive performance is mechanical
factors which are one hundred times slower than the high-speed
electronics contained in a drive.
Factors Affecting Hard Drive Performance
(In their relative order of importance)
MECHANICAL LATENCIES
Mechanical Latencies include both Seek Time and Rotational
Latency. The seek time is a measure (in milliseconds) of how
fast the hard drive can move its read/write heads to a desired
location. Rotational latency is a measure of the average time
(also in milliseconds) the read/write heads must wait for the
target sector on the disk to pass under them once the read/write
heads are moved to the desired target track.
Mechanical latencies are the main hindrance to higher performance
in modern Enhanced IDE (EIDE) hard drives. The time delays of
mechanical latencies are one hundred times higher than
electronic (non-mechanical) latencies associated with the
transferring of data. Therefore, reducing mechanical latencies
(a lowering of seek time and rotational latency) should be the
top consideration in improving hard drive performance.
RPM
This is the rotational speed of the media (disk), also referred
to as the spindle speed. Hard drives only spin at one constant
speed. Typical speeds are 3600 to 3880, 4500, and 5200 to 5400
revolutions per minute. The slower the RPM, the higher the
Mechanical Latencies. Disk RPM is a critical component of hard
drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency
and the Disk Transfer Rate explained below.
DISK TRANSFER RATE
The Disk Transfer Rate (sometimes called media rate) is the
speed at which data is transferred to and from the disk media
(actual disk platter) and is a function of the recording frequency.
Typical units are bits per second (BPS), or bytes per second.
Modern hard disks have an increasing range of Disk Transfer
Rates from the inner diameter to the outer diameter of the disk.
This is called a "zoned" recording technique.
The key media recording parameters relating to density per platter
are Tracks Per Inch (TPI) and Bits Per Inch (BPI). A track is a
circular ring around the disk. TPI is the number of these tracks
that can fit in a given area (inch). BPI defines how many bits
can be written onto one inch of a track on a disk surface. To
greatly simplify, the Disk Transfer Rate (the rate at which data
is read and written to the disk) is dependent upon the speed of
the disk (RPM) and the density of the data on the disk (BPI).
Even most modern, high-speed, 5000 RPM hard drives are generally
limited to a maximum Disk Transfer Rate of approximately 9 to 10
MB per second. This specification is critical to performance and
must be weighed carefully against such electronic latencies as
Mode 3 PIO and Mode 4 PIO host transfer rates explained below.
PC DATA HANDLING
After the data moves down the IDE cable from the drive to the host
interface, there are several factors that can affect drive
performance over which the hard drive has no control. PC Data
Handling is independent from the hard drive and very dependent
upon the CPU type and speed, the BIOS overhead (how the system
issues commands to the hard drive), speed and size of the system
RAM and RAM cache, CPU-to-memory speed, and storage subsystem
performance. PC Data Handling is also affected by the caching
methods of such software applications as SMARTDRIVE, 32-bit
disk access operating system drivers, etc.
HOST TRANSFER RATE
The speed at which the host computer can transfer data across the
IDE or EIDE interface. Processor Input/Output (PIO) modes and
Direct Memory Access (DMA) modes are defined in the ATA-2 industry
specification as follows:
Mode 3 PIO 11.1 MB/sec
Mode 4 PIO 16.6 MB/sec
Mode 1 DMA 13.3 MB/sec
Mode 2 DMA 16.6 MB/sec
Modern host computer systems usually support most of the above
modes. Faster Host Transfer Rates in the future will use multi-word
DMA modes as the industry will not support any future PIO mode
standards beyond mode 4.
The computer system manufacturer is responsible for implementing a
Host Transfer Rate that is high enough to ensure that the host
computer is not the performance bottleneck. Implementing
increasingly higher Host Transfer Rates without corresponding
increases in Disk Transfer Rates on the hard drive will not result
in increased drive performance.
Cache Buffer Size - Is Bigger Always Better ?
A Cache Buffer is similar to a water glass. When you are writing
to a hard drive, the host computer fills the glass and the disk
media empties it. If you are reading data from a hard drive, the
disk media fills the glass and the host computer empties it.
The reason that a bigger cache buffer is not always better
(or faster) is because the host computer (with Mode 4 PIO or
Mode 2 DMA capabilities) can empty or fill the glass much faster
than the hard drive can empty or fill it. When the host system can
transfer data in or out of the cache buffer faster than the media
rate, a larger buffer size becomes irrelevant because the host
system is always "waiting" for the hard drive.
Western Digital hard drives are designed with cache buffer sizes
that are matched to the Disk Transfer Rate capabilities of the
drive and the Host Transfer Rates of modern computer systems. All
of our drives are benchmarked with various cache buffer sizes to
verify that the most cost-effective and performance-effective
cache size is implemented.
Confusion Over Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA
The Enhanced IDE program created the long-range road map for
performance enhancements which included faster disk and host
transfers, Mode 3, Mode 4, Mode 2 DMA, etc. Currently, computer
systems and hard drive controller silicon have most of the elements
needed to implement Mode 4 PIO or Mode 2 DMA (a 16.6 MB/sec Host
Transfer Rate). However, to take advantage of these performance
modes, physical drive architecture must also make some performance
improvements in the area of Mechanical Latencies and Disk Transfer
Rate (media rate) as defined earlier.
Some competitors, in their eagerness to supply a new feature, are
prematurely marketing Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA. While their drive
controller silicon supports these modes (which is very easy and
inexpensive to implement), spindle speeds (RPM), rotational latency,
bit density, and other factors have not yet been improved (these
being very difficult and costly). The result is hard drives which
have the electronic capability to do Mode 4 and Mode 2 DMA transfer
rates, but can't take advantage of these modes due to the slower
Disk Transfer Rate of the drive.
Western Digital will not be implementing Mode 4 or Mode 2 DMA on
older drive products as the host systems into which these drives
are designed are not electrically capable of these data transfers,
nor are the Disk Transfer Rates on these drives beyond current Mode
3 capabilities. As next generation systems are introduced, they will
be paired with next generation drives. Those drives will require
and offer true Mode 4 / Mode 2 DMA capability from a total drive
architecture standpoint.
=====================================================================
AC2540/2635/2700/2850/21000/31000/31200/31600
Windows 95 Operating System Addendum
------------------------------------
The information in this addendum supersedes that supplied in Windows
95 section on pages 35 and 36 of this manual. Please refer to thos
addendum for Windows 95 questions.
Although Windows 95 is capable of recognizing the full capacity of
hard drives larger than 528 MB in systems with a translating BIOS,
some restrictions apply to systems without a translating BIOS.
For Systems With a Translating BIOS
-----------------------------------
Enter your CMOS setup and select a drive type that will recognize the
full capacity of your drive. This is usually done by selecting the
auto config drive tape. The boot partition can be set up to be as
large as the full capacity of your hard drive.
For Systems Without a Translating BIOS
--------------------------------------
Enter your CMOS setup and select a user defined drive type. Enter
these parameters: cylinders = 1024, heads = 16, sectors = 63. Your
system's total disk space will be limited to a maximum of 528MB.
If you want your system to utilize more than 528 MB of disk space,
you must use Ontrack's Disk Manager software (or a similar third-
party installation software).
Installing Windows 95 on a Hard Drive with Ontrack Disk Manager
Already Installed
---------------------------------------------------------------
The Windows 95 installation program will analyze your computer
system and install seamlessly with Ontrack Disk Manager.
Computer Systems with Windows 95 Already Installed
--------------------------------------------------
If you are installing a Western Digital hard drive and Ontrack Disk
Manager on a computer system with Windows 95 already installed, you
must install Ontrack Disk Manager as described here.
Enter your CMOS setup and select a user defined drive type. Enter
these parameters for drives with capacities over 528MB:
Cylinders = 1024, Heads = 16, Sectors = 63.
Save these changes and reboot your computer.
1. Select the Start icon from the Windows 95 main screen.
DO NOT open an MS-DOS menu from Win 95 to install Ontrack Disk
Manager.
2. Choose the Shut Down option.
3. Select Resatrt Computer in DOS mode. When your computer restarts,
you should be at the DOS prompt.
4. Install Ontrack Disk Manager.
Windows 95 will noe recognize the full capacity of your hard drive
and run in 32-bit disk access mode for optimum performance.
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