This article is from the Alien Movies FAQ, by Darryll Hobsonand Eelko de Vos E.W.C.deVos@TWI.TUDelft.NL with numerous contributions by others.
- These spines could be functionally similar to the plates on the back
of a Stegasaurus; they make it difficult to land a damaging blow on the
alien from a sneak-attack from behind.
- The spines could also be some form of reservoir for acid (similar to the
humps on a camel).
- Perhaps they are heat sinks.
- They could be gills for breathing, like a fish, the alien probably doesn't
breath the same air we do, so these "gills" would filter out the components
that it needs from the environment around it.
 
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