This article is from the Medical Education FAQ, by eric@wilkinson.com (Eric P. Wilkinson, M.D.)with numerous contributions by others.
Generally, to become certified by one of the boards recognized by
the American Board of Medical Specialties <http://www.abms.org>, a
physician must meet several requirements:
1) Possess an MD or DO degree from a recognized school of medicine
2) Complete 3 to 7 years of specialty training in an accredited
residency
3) Some boards require assessments of competence from the training
director
4) Most boards require the physician to have an unrestricted license
5) Some boards require experience in full-time practice, usually 2
years
6) Pass a written examination, and sometimes an oral examination
After certification, a physician is given the status of "diplomate"
in that specialty. Many boards require recertification at regular
intervals.
 
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