This article is from the Epilepsy FAQ, by Andrew Patrick (andrew@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca) with numerous contributions by others.
In 1984, there were 3 reports about large amounts of Aspartame causing
a lowering of the seizure threshold and therefore increasing seizure
activity. The Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta did a review of
this and were unable to find any cause or effect relationship at normal
doses. More recently, Aspartame has been found to be unsuitable for
some children with generalized absence Epilepsy. A Queen's University
study looked at the brain-wave patterns in 10 children and the effects
of the artificial sweetener "Nutrasweet". A 40% increase in abnormal
brain-wave activity associated with absence seizures was found in this
study. However, there was no effect on the actual number of seizures.
Research on this topic is continuing.
 
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