This article is from the Hofstadter and GEB FAQ, by TANAKA Tomoyuki tanaka@cs.indiana.edu with numerous contributions by others.
some of the books/authors mentioned:
Raymond Smullyan
http://www.randomhouse.com/special/puzzles/smullyan/smullyan.html
Hans P. Moravec http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/
Roger Penrose, "The Emperor's New Mind"
Stephen Jay Gould
Marvin Minsky, "The Society of Mind"
Rudy Rucker
Peter Suber http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/hometoc.htm
Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen, "Figments of Reality"
Stan Franklin, "Artificial Minds"
James P. Hogan (the Sci-Fi author), "Mind Matters"
A.K. Dewdney http://www.csd.uwo.ca/faculty/akd/
G.J. Chaitin http://www.umcs.maine.edu/~chaitin
David Chalmers, "The Conscious Mind"
http://ling.ucsc.edu/~chalmers/index.html
(look in DejaNews archive for other suggestions.)
The Jargon File lists "Illuminatus!" and several other books.
http://beast.cc.emory.edu/Jargon30/APPEND_C/APPENDXC.HTML
http://www.fwi.uva.nl/~mes/jargon/b/Bibliography.html
 
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