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This article is from the Research Concerning Big Folks FAQ, by sharon@ecs.ox.ac.uk (Sharon Curtis) with numerous contributions by others.

A8) Weight Change in Fat People

[AK] Ashley & Kannel:
"Relation of weight change to changes in
atherogenic traits: The Framingham Study"
Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1974, vol. 27, pp. 103--114

[DBSJ] E.J.Drenick, G.S.Bale, F.Seltzer and D.G.Johnson:
"Excessive Mortality and Causes of Death in Morbidly Obese Men"
Journal of the American Medical Association, 1980, vol. 243, pp. 443--445
Results from a study of 200 obese men who checked into
a diet clinic and followed the program for two years.
Most regained the weight, there was a twelve-fold increase
in deaths compared to average men in the 25-34 age group,
and a six-fold corresponding increase in the 35-44 group.
More deaths were due to cardiovascular disease, and less
due to malignancies. They admit the study is statistically
not significant, but think the results interesting.
I quote: "It appears that no unusual factors other than
obesity could have caused such extraordinary mortality",
when it is obvious that the men also had the two-year
diet in common. No details were given about the diet.
Dr.Drenick and Ms.Johnson were from the Veterans Administration,
Dr. Bale and Mr. Seltzer from the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company.

[EK] Ernsberger & Koletsky:
"Weight Cycling and Mortality: Support from Animal Studies"
Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 269, pp. 1116--1993
In this short letter to the JAMA, they point out that [LP]
shows that weight fluctuations increase mortality by
over 50%, which overshadows the 18% rise in mortality
associated with the 20% fattest people. They also quote
results from animal research which supports their view that
there's a growing hypothesis that weight loss and regain is
harmful.

[GMS] C.A.Geissler, D.S.Miller, M.Shah:
"The daily metabolic rate of the post-obese and the lean"
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
May 1987, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 914--920
The study took 16 post-obese women and matched them for
age, weight, height and other factors with 16 naturally
lean women. The post-obese women had metabolic rates
approximately 15% lower than the naturally lean women,
and also ate less.

[Ha+] P.Hamm, R.B.Shekelle & J.Stamler:
"Large fluctuations in body weight during young adulthood and
twenty-five year risk of coronary death in men."
American Journal of Epidemiology, 1989, vol. 129, 312--318

[Hay] R.B.Haynes:
"Is weight-loss an effective treatment for hypertension?
The evidence against"
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1986, vol. 64, pp. 825--830

[HH] John A. Hibscher & C. Peter Herman:
"Obesity, Dieting, and the Expression of 'Obese' Characteristics"
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1977, vol. 91,
no. 2, pp. 374--380

[LP] I.Lee and R.S.Paffenberger:
"Change in Body Weight and Longevity"
Journal of the American Medical Association, 1992, vol. 268, pp.2045--2049

[MP] D.S.Miller and S.Parsonage:
"Resistance to Slimming: Adaption or Illusion"
The Lancet, 1975, i, pp.773--775
They studied a group of 29 large women from slimming clubs, the
women having had great difficulty in losing weight. They
kept them reasonably active in a country house with
activity and food intake closely monitored. 20 lost weight,
but 9 were able to maintain weight.

[NE] D.O.Nelson and P.Ernsberger:
"Feed-starve cycling in dietary obesity induces moderate hypertension via
alternations in the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function"
Society of Neuro-sciences Abstracts, 1984, vol. 10, p. 716

[NIH] NIH Office of Medical Applications of Research:
"Methods for Voluntary Weight Loss and Control"
Technology Assessment Conference Statement, March 30 - April 1, 1992"
gopher://gopher.nih.gov/00/clin/tech_conf/items/10.ta-wt.fmt.txt

[Nis] Richard E. Nisbett:
"Starvation and the Behavior of the Obese"
Obesity and Bariatric Medicine, 1972, vol.1, pp. 28--32

[Sims] E.A.H.Sims:
"Experimental obesity, diet-induced thermogenesis and
their clinical implications"
Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1976, vol. 5, pp. 377--395

[Si+1] Sims, Goldman, Gluck, Horton, Kelleher & Rowe:
"Experimental obesity in man",
Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1968, vol. 81,
pp. 153--170
Average-weight male prisoners volunteered to gain between
20%-25% of their body weight. They all found it difficult to
gain the weight, although all but a few managed to reach the
target. The typical prisoner was needing to eat 7000 calories
per day to gain the weight, although the top end of the
range was 10000 calories to sustain weight. They lost the weight
relatively easily, returning to (typically) 2 or 3 kg above
previous weight.

[SMG] M. Shah, D. S. Miller, C. A. Geissler:
"Lower Metabolic rates of post-obese versus lean women: thermogenesis,
basal metabolic rate and genetics"
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1975, vol. 84, pp. 666--672
16 post-obese women were selected, and then matched with naturally
thin women of the same age weight and height. The mean metabolic
rate of the post-obese was 15% lower than that of the naturally
thin women.

 

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