Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were the first drugs used to effectively treat depression. They are thought to work by blocking the enzyme in the brain that breaks down the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This action is thought to be how it treats depression.

MAOIs are not used as often today because of the numerous precautions that must be taken while on them.

Side Effects

There are a number of side effects reported with MAOIs. They often occur when the drug is first started and can last several weeks. They are:

Less common side effects include:

Most people experience only a few mild side effects that improve over time. You may, however, experience other side effects that aren't listed above. Some could be bothersome enough that you might be forced to stop taking the drug.

Make sure you inform your health-care provider of any side effects you experience. He or she can change your dose or switch you to another medication, either within the same class of drugs or a different antidepressant class entirely.

Special Considerations

You absolutely must follow a special diet while taking an MAOI, as foods that contain a high level of a substance called tyramine must be avoided. They can cause a sudden and severe rise in your blood pressure, even in very small amounts. Foods that need to be avoided include:

You will probably have questions about the special diet, so don't be afraid to consult your health-care professional. It's very important that you follow it closely. And don't forget there are many things you can eat, such as fresh fruit, vegetables, meats, poultry, and fish.

Combining medications can also be very dangerous, especially other antidepressants, so it's important to check with your health-care professional before taking any other medications. Many non-prescription medications can be very dangerous if taken with an MAOI.

If you like to drink a glass of wine with dinner, you will want to contact your health-care professional for information on the types of wine and beer you can handle, because certain beers and wines must be avoided. Other types of alcohol may be okay in limited amounts.

You don't need to have blood tests to check the level of your medication, but your health-care provider may want to check your liver with a blood test from time to time while you're taking an MAOI.

You should also be careful driving or operating machinery when you first start taking the medication, as you may feel dizzy or lightheaded.

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